Why We Should Travel?

We all know the financial value of travel. Plane tickets cost a lot of money, as do hotels and meals. But there is emotional value when you invest in travel, too. I’m talking about the stuff that strengthens the bonds of friendship and family, and continues to grow years after a trip has been taken.

After a lot of thinking and reading about this subject….here are some of the reasons I think that traveling is a lot more important that we think it is (or at least than *I* thought it was in the past.)

1.      Traveling can Reduces Our Stressed

Travel gives you an opportunity to relax and de-stress. It gives us a break from our fast-paced lives. Of course, traveling can be stressful in it’s own way, but travel stress is positive stress, not the kind of anxiety caused by work or tension related to home life.

2.      A Necessary Escape

It sucks to be stuck in a daily activity. Everyone knows what that’s like. Travel can be the perfect solution. A trip of any kind provides you with a break from the norm, and that alone can inject you with energy. It’s therapeutic to make a change from your daily routine — doing so prevents your mind and body from stagnating.

3.      Memory-Making

If I were to ask you about your past year – what stories would spring to mind? I doubt you would tell me about the hours you spent at the office or at the gym. It would most likely be the traveling you did. The people you met. The extraordinary experiences you had that you didn’t expect. When we travel with our friends and family, we create memories that last a lifetime. Sharing a special trip with those we love the most is truly a joyful thing! Giving them a wonderful traveling experience far outweighs the benefit of buying presents for them. Goods have a limited life span, memories last forever.

4.      Get Outside Your Comfort Zone

Traveling helps you to push yourself outside of your comfort zone. It provides us with a whole new perspective, whether that means no longer sweating the small stuff or promising to get out there and meet new people upon returning home.

Completing a long-awaited trip also gives you the satisfaction that you were able to accomplish what you set out to do, and gives you the confidence to do it again!

5.      Learning & Education

Seeing the world provides a source of education impossible get in school, teaching you things like economy, politics, history, geography and sociology. While not an accredited institution, the school of travel is always taking applications.

6.      Meet New People

People you meet while on the road usually become some of the most valued ones in your address book, giving you points on the map to visit later on.You’ll meet far more friendly people on the road than you will under ordinary circumstances at home. Other travelers are always looking to share experiences, give tips on places to go, and meet people from all over. Striking up a conversation with other travelers is extraordinarily easy. A polite “so where are you from?” breaks the ice quite easily and may lead to lasting friendships.

7.      Regain Your Enthusiasm For Work Life

Traveling is refreshing and revitalizing. Relaxing at home during the weekends isn’t always enough to truly unwind. Taking periodic trips help to recharge your batteries and better handle the stress at work. After a break, you’ll feel more energized to return to work. Without these breaks, you may suffer work burn out.

8.      Adventure

No one looks back fondly on a trip to the dry-cleaner. But after ziplining in Costa Rica you get a feel for what being an active human being is like (again). The need for adventure is hardwired; travel lets you tap into it.

9.      Sharpens Your Mind

Being placed into a new environment engages a dormant part of your mind. On vacation you might be required to navigate unfamiliar places, read foreign languages, try new things, make quick decisions, and choose your new eating and sleeping schedule. Unlike at home, all the new sights, sounds, and places will require mental processing and filing. Your brain will welcome the workout!

10.  Discover Yourself

One of the great benefits of traveling is having time to think and to discover more about yourself, and figure out where you want your life to be going.

As Robert Fuller says, “Travel provides us with the distance required to see what it is we are habitually doing and the anonymity to risk new ways of being in the world.”

11.  Appreciating Home

Getting away for awhile, even though it requires effort, will greatly enhance your attitude and productivity once you return home. Breaking up the monotony for a while is a great way to give your life an injection of excitement.

I always love to go, but I equally enjoy returning home. Just as distance allows me to grasp new possibilities, it also helps me to greatly appreciate what I have.

“You don't need a doctor when you are stressed,

all you need is a JOURNEY!"

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Relative Clause and Conditional Sentences

Relative Clause

A relative clause is one kind of dependent clause. It has a subject and verb, but can’t stand alone as a sentence. It is sometimes called an “adjective clause” because it functions like an adjective—it gives more information about a noun. A relative clause always begins with a “relative pronoun,” which substitutes for a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun when sentences are combined.

The relative pronouns are:

who	for people	can substitute for subject nouns/pronouns (he, she, we, they)
whom	for people	can substitute for object nouns/pronouns (him, her, us, them)
whose	for people	can substitute for possessive nouns/pronouns (his, hers, our, their)
that	for people or things	can be either subject or object can only be used in restrictive relative clauses (see below)
which	for things	can be either subject or object can be used in non-restrictive relative clauses can also be used in restrictive relative clauses, though some people don’t like this use

For example, Here is a passage by writer Ian Frazier;

On another corner is the Pine Ridge post office which shares a large brick building with an auditorium called Billy Mills Hall, where most of the important indoor community gatherings are held. On another corner is a two story brick building containing tribal offices and the offices of the Oglala Department of Public Safety the tribal police.

 

On another corner is a combination convenience store and gas station that then was called Big Bat's Conoco and now is called Big Bat's Texaco. Le and I parked and went in. 

 

Ian Frazier, "On the Rez," The Atlantic Monthly, December 1999, 68.

Example 2;

But I think Sean was a bit upset about that, which is understandable. (which is understandable refers to the whole clause before it [underlined]: that Sean was upset about something)

She goes to Canada and stays with her daughter, and then her daughter comes here the next year. Every other year they change places you know. Which is nice. (Which is nice refers to the whole stretch of text before it [underlined]. This is common in speaking but not in writing.)

 Example 3;

But I think Sean was a bit upset about that, which is understandable. (which is understandable refers to the whole clause before it [underlined]: that Sean was upset about something)

She goes to Canada and stays with her daughter, and then her daughter comes here the next year. Every other year they change places you know. Which is nice. (Which is nice refers to the whole stretch of text before it [underlined]. This is common in speaking but not in writing.)

Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second language.
Watch out:

1. Which type of conditional sentences is it?
2. Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?

There are three types of conditional sentences.

type	condition
I	condition possible to fulfill
II	condition in theory possible to fulfill
III	condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

1. Form

type	if-clause	main clause
I	Simple Present	will-future or (Modal + infinitive)
II	Simple Past	would + infinitive *
III	Past Perfect	would + have + past participle *

2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type	if clause	main clause
I	If I study,	I will pass the exam.
II	If I studied,	I would pass the exam.
III	If I had studied,	I would have passed the exam.

3. Examples (if-clause at the end)

type	main clause	if-clause
I	I will pass the exam	if I study.
II	I would pass the exam	if I studied.
III	I would have passed the exam	if I had studied.

4. Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type		Examples
		long forms	short/contracted forms
I	+	If I study, I will pass the exam.	If I study, I'll pass the exam.
	-	If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam.	If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.
II	+	If I studied, I would pass the exam.	If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
	-	If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam.	If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.
III	+	If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.	If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.
	-	If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.	If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too).

• I would pass the exam.
• I could pass the exam.
• I might pass the exam.
• I may pass the exam.
• I should pass the exam.
• I must pass the exam.

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Types of Pronouns and Questions

I. Kinds of Pronouns and the Sentences

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence. Pronouns are used so that our language is not cumbersome with the same nouns being repeated over and over in a paragraph. Some examples of pronouns include I, me, mine, myself, she, her, hers,herself, we, us, ours and ourselves. You may have noticed that they tend to come in sets of four, all referring to the same person, group or thing.

• He, him, his and himself, for example, all refer to a male person or something belonging to him
• They, them, theirs and themselves all refer to a group or something belonging to a group, and so on.

The truth is that there are many different types of pronouns, each serving a different purpose in a sentence.

1. Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns can be the subject of a clause or sentence. They are: I, he, she, it, they, we, and you. Example: “They went to the store.”

Personal pronouns can also be objective, where they are the object of a verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. They are: me, her, him, it, you, them, and us. Example: “David gave the gift to her.”

Possession can be shown by personal pronouns, like: mine, his, hers, ours, yours, its,and theirs. Example: “Is this mine or yours?”

2. Demonstrative Pronouns

This class of pronouns direct the reader’s attention to an implied noun:

“I’m not going to eat this.”

“That was quite an experience!”

“What are these?”

“I’ve never seen those before.”

“Such is my understanding of the situation.”

These sentences closely resemble the type in which the same words appear as adjectives — for example, “I’m not going to eat this food” — but in such case, they have a different identity: When they modify nouns, these words are called determiners.

3. Indefinite Pronouns

Not to be confused with indefinite relative pronouns, described below, these are pronouns that act as nouns:

“All were present at the meeting.”

“Each was guilty in his or her own way.”

“One has to keep up appearances.”

“Good fortune comes to some.”

“None of them showed up.”

“Is anybody interested?”

“Somebody is going to pay for this.”

“Have you sent invitations to everybody?”

There are many more indefinite pronouns than these: any, fewer, several, most, and other related words; these also function as determiners (adjectives):

“I recognized several people at the party.”

4. Intensive Pronouns

Intensive pronouns are simply personal pronouns with -self or -selves attached, such as in the following sentences:

“I myself don’t have an opinion.”

“She would have said so herself, but he beat her to it.”

Intensive pronouns, like the otherwise identical-looking reflexive pronouns (below), are not essential to the sentence; omit the highlighted word in each of these examples, and the sentences still make sense without the intensive pronoun.

5. Interrogative Pronouns

These pronouns introduce interrogative sentences:

“Who are you?”

“What is the meaning of life?”

“Which way should I go?”

Like some other types of pronouns, these can serve as determiners (sometimes called, in this role, interrogative adjectives).

Sentences in which interrogative pronouns appear don’t always end with question marks:

“I know who you are.”

“She told you what the meaning of life is.”

“They know which way to go.”

6. Reciprocal Pronouns

These pronouns combine ideas, hence the name:

“Have you met each other before?”

“We shared our thoughts with one another.”

The distinction in use is whether you refer to two people (“each other”) or to more than two (“one another”).

7. Reflexive Pronouns

These pronouns have the same form as intensive pronouns but differ in that they refer reflexively to the antecedent (a corresponding noun the pronoun refers to):

“I bought myself a new car.” (Myself is reflexive of I.)

“Have you looked at yourself in the mirror lately? (Yourself is reflexive of you.)

They are also essential to the sentence; if you omitted the highlighted word in each of these examples, the sentences would be incomplete.

The erroneous use of reflexive pronouns in sentences such as “Jane and myself were there when it happened” (instead of “Jane and I were there when it happened”) is called an untriggered reflexive, because there was no antecedent to trigger the pronoun. (“Jane and I” itself is the subject. This subject is the antecedent of we in “Jane and I were there when it happened, but we didn’t see anything,” but there’s no need for a reflexive pronoun in that sentence.)

8. Relative Pronouns

These are the type of pronouns that, as the name implies, relate words to other pronouns or to nouns:

“Who were you talking to?”

“I’ll find out which one is correct.”

“The vase that was on the table is missing.”

A subgroup of relative pronouns, the indefinite relative pronouns, lack an antecedent:

“What were you saying?”

“Whoever said that is asking for trouble.”

“I’ll do whatever I please.”

9. Possessive Pronouns vs. Possessive Determiners

"The possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, etc.) are like possessive determiners, except that they constitute a whole noun phrase. 

1. The house will be hers you see when they are properly divorced.

2. Writers have produced extraordinary work in conditions more oppressive than mine.

Possessive pronouns are typically used when the head noun can be found in the preceding context; thus in 1, hers means 'her house,' and in 2, mine means ' my conditions.' Here the possessive pronoun is parallel to the elliptic use of the genitive.

II. Three Types of Questions and the Example

There are three basic question types:

• Yes/No: the answer is "yes or no"
• Question-word: the answer is "information"
• Choice: the answer is "in the question"

1. Yes/No questions
Sometimes the only answer that we need is yes or no. Look at these examples:

auxiliary verb	subject	not	main verb		answer: yes or no
Do	you		want	dinner?	Yes, I do.
Can	you		drive?		No, I can't.
Has	she	not	finished	her work?	Yes, she has.
Did	they		go	home?	No, they didn't.

Exception! Main verb be in Present Simple and Past Simple:

main verb be	subject
Is	Anne	French?
Was	Ram	at home?

2. Question-word questions

Sometimes we want more than yes or no for an answer. When asking for information, we usually place a question-word at the beginning of the sentence. The question-word indicates the information that we want, for example: where (place), when (time), why (reason), who (person). Look at these examples:

question word	auxiliary verb	not	subject	main verb		answer: information
Where	do		you	live?		In Paris.
When	will		we	have	lunch?	At 1pm.
Why	has	n't	Tara	done	it?	Because she can't.
Who(m)	did		she	meet?		She met Ram.
Who*	has			run	out?	Ati has run out.
Who**				ran	out?	Ati ran out.

*When the question-word is who, it acts as the subject.
**In Present Simple and Past Simple tenses, there is no auxilary verb withwho.

Exception. Main verb be in Present Simple and Past Simple:

question word	main verb be	subject
Where	is	Bombay?
How	was	she?

3. Choice questions

Sometimes we give our listener a choice. We ask them to choose between two possible answers. So their answer is (usually) already in the question. Look at these examples:

auxiliary verb	subject	main verb		or		answer: in question
Do	you	want	tea	or	coffee?	Coffee, please.
Will	we	meet	John	or	James?	John.

Exception. Main verb be in Present Simple and Past Simple:

main verb be	subject		OR
Is	your car	white	or	black?
Were	they	$15	or	$50?

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Definition of Subject, Verb, Object, Complement Modifier and the Theory of Subject Verb Agreement

1. Definition of subject, verb, object, complement modifier and the example

Subject

The subject is the topic being discussed, could take the form of people, objects, places, or things.

sentence : He reads a book. (subject)

Verb

A verb is a word that serves to indicate the action of the subject, showing events or circumstances.

sentence : They made an awesome project (verb)

Object

The object is what the subject is affected by the work.

sentence : I am playing football (object)

Complement (Modifier)

In grammar the term complement is used with different meanings. The primary meaning is a word, phrase or clause which is necessary in a sentence to complete its meaning. We find complements which function as an argument (i.e. of equal status to subjects and objects) and complements which exist within arguments.

Both complements and modifiers add to the meaning of a sentence. However, a complement is necessary to complete a sentence; a modifier is not. For example, "Put the bread on the table" needs "on the table" to make it complete. In most dialects of English, you cannot merely put something; you need to put it somewhere. In this context, the phrase "on the table" is a complement. By contrast, "The bread on the table is fresh." does not require "on the table" to be complete, so here, the phrase "on the table" is a modifier. A modifier, unlike a complement, is an optional element of a sentence.

He is generous. This is a complete sentence. So, by the above definition, if you add something it would be a modifier, not a complement.

Example: He is generous to a fault.

Since the underlined prepositional phrase modifies an adjective, it is an adverbial modifier.

2. Theory of Subject Verb Agreement.

Subject verb agreement simply means the subject and verb must agree in number. This means both need to be singular or both need to be plural.

example :

• My dog always growls at the postal carrier.
• basketballs roll across the floor.
• I do not understand the assignment.
• Reviews These clothes are too small for me.
• Peter does not like vegetables.

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Manajemen Kinerja Pelatihan dan Penghargaan

Pengertian Pelatihan

Hasibuan (2010 : 69)mengatakan bahwa Pelatihan adalah suatu usaha

meningkatkan kemampuan teknis, teoritis, konseptual dan moral karyawan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pekerjaan atau jabatan melalui pendidikan dan latihan.

Bella (dalam Hasibuan 2010 : 70)mengatakan bahwa pendidikan dan

latihan sama dengan pengembangan yaitu merupakan proses meningkatkan

keterampilan kerja baik teknis maupun manajerial.

Manfaat Pelatihan

Simamora (2007 : 7)mengatakan bahwa Manfaat pelatihan :

a.Meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas produktivitas.

b.Mengurangi waktu belajar yang diperlukan karyawan agar mencapai standar - standar kinerja yang dapat diterima.

c.Menciptakan sikap, loyalitas dan kerja sama yang lebih menguntungkan.

d.Memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan dan kerja sama yang lebih menguntungkan.

e.Memenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan perencanaan sumber daya manusia.

f.Membantu karyawan dalam peningkatan dan pengembangan pribadi

mereka.

Tujuan Pelatihan

MenurutHasibuan (2010 : 70) mengemukakan bahwa Tujuan pelatihan hakikatnya menyangkut hal-hal berikut :

a. Produktivitas Kerja

Dengan pengembangan, produktivitas kerja karyawan akan meningkat, kualitas dan kuantitas produksi semakin baik, karena technical skill,

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